So now that you know that your eyes don't really "see" anything, you should get really comfortable and familiar with what your eyes actually do do. Take a look at this excellent overview of human vision. Also take a look at this short clip from NOVA, it covers much of the same material, but from a different perspective.
Take a look at this excellent site that will give you an understanding of how we process what we think of as "color". Make sure you click on all 3 tabs at the top to get the full overview